Diabetes Symptoms And Treatment

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease in the world, impairs the patient's quality of life and life expectancy means that complications.

In diabetes, the insulin effect is reduced or absent, so that some cells of the body are unable to absorb glucose from the blood, thus starving. The blood glucose excreted in the urine, it brought along plenty of water, hence the name of the disease. The reduction or absence of insulin action may develop insulin deficiency due or insulin resistance. In this case, the same higher insulin levels are required.

The current definition of diabetes occurs when the fasting blood glucose value is again 7.0 mmol / L or higher and / or a glucose load of 120 minutes later value of 11.1 mmol / L or higher. If the fasting blood glucose 6.1 - between 6.9, it is called impaired fasting glucose value. If, during the 120 minutes of the glucose load the value 7.8 - between 11.1 mmol / l, the reduced sugar tolerance. These two differences are not equal even in diabetes, although we have no increased cardiovascular risk factor. Lifestyle changes at this time give a chance glycemic normalization.

Diabetes incidence:

The number of patients with diabetes worldwide is rapidly increasing, and our country is no exception to this rule. Based on 2004 data, about half a million diabetic individuals can be reported in Hungary. For the patient, treatment can be a multiple of the unrecognized diabetes.

Based on 2000 data ESKI among men in Northern Hungary, the highest number of women in South West Hungary with diabetes. Lowest percentage of disease among men in Western Transdanubia, Southern Great Plain women registered.

The causes of diabetes:

The causes of diabetes types:

• Type 1 diabetes: the cause of disease in the pancreas islets of Langerhans in the insulin-producing beta-cell destruction. This is a consequence of the anti-islet cell autoimmune response. At any age you can develop.
• Type 2 diabetes: the development of the disease focuses on insulin resistance caused by the accumulation of abdominal fat quantity. At the beginning of the disease have blood sugar differences did not occur due to increased insulin production in the pancreas. The disease progresses the pancreas insulin release relative to insulin resistance becomes insufficient, this is when the decreased glucose tolerance and diabetes. In addition to the typical blood sugar differences for this disease to high blood pressure and high blood fats (cholesterol and triglycerides), which are jointly accelerate the development of atherosclerosis. During treatment the reduction of insulin resistance is the primary goal. Essential role of lifestyle, drug treatment is only secondary.
• Secondary diabetes: many diseases, genetic alterations associated with. Hungary, of which the pancreatic damage associated with diabetes are common. This disease can develop alcoholism or biliary stones as a result. In this case, the treatment is complicated by the fact that the whole pancreas is damaged, in addition to the production of insulin decreased (this hormone increases the blood sugar). The decrease in the production of digestive enzymes in carbohydrate absorption prolong more difficult to make predictable. Because the disease is lack of insulin, treatment of insulin supplementation.
• Secondary diabetes can cause some medicines (e.g. Steroids, antipsychotics). These drugs are always given after evaluating the risk / benefit ratio, it is important in the treatment of regular monitoring of blood glucose.

Bajnai called gestational diabetes during pregnancy diabetes is discovered. Characteristics that:

1. No impaired glucose intolerance similar to "intermediate" status, or the person with diabetes or not,
2. The control of blood sugar levels to prevent birth defects is much tighter,
3. Treatment or diet, or insulin, the pill is not an option,
4. The disease may fade after the birth, the mothers of 24-28. should be screened from seven up to gestational diabetes is important after delivery.

Diabetes Symptoms And Treatment

Diabetes Symptoms:

Increased fluid loss: excreted in the urine sugar binds large quantities of liquid, it acts as a diuretic. The 4-5 patients a day - perhaps even more - liter of urine, consume plenty of fluids accordingly. The relatively sudden onset diabetes, this could be one of the first symptoms.

Metabolic disorders such as insulin action in cells in the absence of glucose is not able to pick up, so you will have high blood sugar levels, while the cells are actually starving. The patients overeat, they lose weight. The breakdown of fats only in the presence of a full sugar without acetone, formed. Because of the patient's breath. These metabolites sour, in the case of accumulation in the body's chemical shift effect is nausea, vomiting, rapid, labored breathing, severe cases can cause coma.

Fertozeshajlam. The sugar content of the untreated tissue disease increases, it serves as a breeding ground for bacteria, fungi, while the immune function of macrophages damaged common fungal skin and mucous membrane infections, and for the soil-borne bacterial infections.

Complications in type 2 diabetes, the blood glucose rises slowly, the above-mentioned symptoms are rarely formed, often turn out based on the late complications of the disease. Persistently high blood sugar harms the body's various proteins.

More common complications:

• Retinopathy: damage to the retina (retina), the gradual loss of vision may result.
• Nephropathy: Renal impairment which proteinuria, hypertension, renal failure eventually result.
• Neuropathy: loss of sensation in, pain, autonomic dysfunction manifested. The autonomic disorders include impotence, constipation or diarrhea, increased sweating, fast heartbeat.
• Large vessel disease (macroangiopathy): Increased hardening of the arteries can occur in any artery. Types of the vascular occlusion causing limb arteriosclerosis, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease.

 Treatment of Diabetes:

Diet and exercise: based management of type 2 diabetes. It aims to normalize body weight using a diet in which the carbohydrates, fats and proteins are present in appropriate proportions. Type 1 diabetes is important in trouble, insulin treatment and diet coordination.

Oral antidiabetic drugs: The tablets are only in type 2 diabetes treatment are involved. Some types of insulin sensitivity increase, others producing insulin, a third group slows the absorption of carbohydrates.

Insulin: Insulin Set management tasks that require specialist responsible, with particular knowledge. In addition to today's excellent preparations of the patient's prospects have improved considerably. The introduction of insulin in the body several times a day by injection under the skin occurs. In some cases it is possible to keep the insulin under the skin metering pump application. The alternative delivery modes (e.g. Inhalation) are still in the experimental phase.

Diabetes is still no cure for the disease. The treatment lasts a lifetime, maintaining proper blood sugar levels in the patient's life expectancy is decisive to prevent complications. The increasingly modern pills, insulin dosage and methods of penetration of the treatment of patients with adherence and thus greatly improved, which is gradually improving life expectancy entails.